A transformer majorly consists of three parts:
Core
The transformer core serves as a support for the winding. Additionally, it offers a magnetic flux flow channel with minimal resistance. As seen in the image, the winding is looped around the core. To cut down on losses in a transformer, it has a laminated soft iron core. Core composition is determined by variables including operational voltage, current, and power, among others. The core diameter is negatively correlated with iron losses and directly correlated with copper losses.
Windings
The copper wires that are wound over the transformer core are known as windings. Copper cables are used because Copper's high conductivity reduces transformer loss because resistance to current flow lowers as conductivity rises. And copper's high degree of ductility makes it possible to produce incredibly thin wires out of it.
The two basic types of windings are. windings for the primary and secondary coils. The primary winding is the group of winding turns that receive supply current. The number of winding turns from which output is derived is known as secondary winding. Insulation coating agents are used to insulate the primary and secondary windings from one another.
Insulation Agents
Transformer require insulation to keep the windings apart and prevent short circuits. This makes mutual induction easier. Transformer stability and durability are influenced by insulation agents. In a transformer, the following are employed as insulating mediums: Insulating fluid, tape, Paper, and Lamination made of wood.
Tank
A transformer main tank serves two purposes:
The core and the windings are protected from the elements, such as rain and dust.
It functions as an oil container as well as a support for all other transformer attachments.
Transformer Oil
The majority of the huge transformer are submerged in oil. The transformer oil adds insulation between the conductors, improves heat dissipation from the coils, and has fault-detecting capabilities. Transformer oil is typically made of hydrocarbon mineral oil.
Oil Conservators
The oil conservator is situated above the transformer tank and bushings. Some transformer oil conservators contain a rubber bladder. When a transformer is loaded, the ambient temperature rises, causing the amount of oil inside the transformer to increase. The transformer conservator tank has enough room for the increased transformer oil. It also serves as a reservoir for oil that is used to insulate buildings.
Breather
All oil-immersed transformer with conservator tank includes it. It aids in the protection of the oil against moisture.
Radiators and Fans
The majority of the power lost in the transformer is dissipated as heat. Radiators and fans aid in the dissipation of heat generated by the transformer and provide protection against failure. The majority of dry transformer are cooled by natural air.